November 2025

Federal Capital Territory (FCT) Abuja: An Overview

Abuja, the capital city of Nigeria, is situated within the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), a purpose-built administrative region established to replace Lagos as the capital in 1991. The FCT was created in 1976 under General Murtala Mohammed to promote national unity, given its central location and neutrality among Nigeria’s diverse ethnic groups.

History

• 1976: FCT established via decree to address Lagos’s overcrowding and geopolitical tensions.

• 1980s: Construction began based on a master plan by Japanese architect Kenzo Tange, featuring a structured layout with distinct zones.

• 1991: Officially became Nigeria’s capital, symbolizing modernity and unity.

Geography

• Location: Central Nigeria, bordered by Niger, Kaduna, Nassarawa, and Kogi States.

• Landmarks: Aso Rock, a prominent monolith; Millennium Park (largest public park); and government complexes like the Presidential Villa.

• Climate: Tropical savanna, with a rainy season (April – October) and dry season (November – March).

Governance

• Administration: Managed by a federally appointed Minister, not a state governor. Key institutions include the National Assembly, Supreme Court, and ECOWAS headquarters.

• Districts: Organized into zones (Central Business District, Garki, Maitama) and satellite towns (Gwagwalada, Kuje), which face infrastructure challenges.

Economy

• Sectors: Government, finance, real estate, and tourism.

• Development: Rapid urbanization drives growth but strains infrastructure. The Abuja Geographic Information System (AGIS) oversees land management.

Demographics

• Population: Estimated over 3 million (2023). with diverse ethnic groups due to migration. Original inhabitants (e.g., Gbagyi) are now minorities.

• Culture: Religious diversity reflected in the National Mosque and National Christian Centre. Festivals celebrate Nigeria’s multicultural heritage.

Infrastructure

• Transport: Nnamdi Azikiwe International Airport, Abuja Light Rail (operational since 2018), road networks, challenged by traffic congestions.

• Education/Health: University of Abuja, National Hospital.

Challenges

• Urbanization: Housing shortages, unplanned settlements, and environmental degradation (deforestation, pollution).

• Social Issues: Displacement of indigenous communities, land disputes, and inequality.

• Security: Occasional threats from insurgent groups, though relatively safer than north states.

Significance

Abuja symbolizes Nigeria’s aspirations for unity and progress. Its planned design and role as a political hub underscore its importance in national and regional affairs (e.g., hosting international summits).

The Federal Capital Territory, Abuja.

Advertise with us.   About. 

onnigeria.com © 2024 On Nigeria.  All Rights Reserved.

The North-East Geopolitical Zone of Nigeria is one of the country’s six regions, known for its rich history, and cultural diversity. Six out of the thirty six states of the Federal Republic of Nigeria are categorized under the Northeast region.

States and Capitals

• Adamawa (Capital: Yola)

• Bauchi (Capital: Bauchi)

• Borno (Capital: Maiduguri)

• Gombe (Capital: Gombe)

• Taraba (Capital: Jalingo)

• Yobe (Capital: Damaturu)

Demographics

Ethnic Groups: Kanuri (dominant in Borno/Yobe), Fulani, Hausa, Tiv, Margi, and over 100 smaller groups.

Language: Hausa (lingua franca), Fulfulde, Kanuri, and local languages like Chamba and Babur.

Religion: Predominantly Muslim, with Christian minorities in urban and southern parts (e.g, Taraba).

Economy

Agriculture: Major crops include sorghum, millet, groundnuts, and cotton. Livestock herding by Fulani pastoralists is widespread.

Mining: Limestone in Gombe, gypsum, and kaolin. The region also has untapped potential in hydrocarbons and gemstones.

Challenges: Underdevelopment due to insurgency, poverty, and reliance on subsistence farming.

Security Issues

Boko Haram Insurgency: Originated in Borno (2009), causing displacement (2.5 million IDPs), destroyed infrastructure, and created humanitarian crisis (e.g., Chibok girls abduction in 2014).

Military Response: Operations like Lafiya Dole and the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF) involving Chad, Niger, and Cameroon. 

Humanitarian Aid: United Nations agencies (UNHCR, UNICEF) and NGOs provide relief.

Culture and History

Historical Legacy: The region is home to the medieval Kanem-Borno Empire (8th – 19th century), a hub of Islamic scholarship and trans-Saharan trade.

Traditional Institutions: Influential roles of the Shehu of Borno and Lamido of Adamawa.

Festivals: Durban festivals, Hawan Sallah, and cultural events like the Njuwa Fishing Festival in Adamawa.

Geography and Environment

Terrain: Sahel savannah, Mandara Mountains (Adamawa), and the Benue River Basin (Taraba).

Environmental Issues: Desertification, shrinking Lake Chad, and deforestation exacerbating resource conflicts.

Development Initiatives

North East Development Commission (NEDC): Established in 2017 to rebuild infrastructure and promote socio-economic recovery.

Education and Health: Efforts to rehabilitate schools and clinics, though insurgency attacks (e.g., on teachers) persist.

International Support: World Bank projects and EU funding for resilience programs.

Notable Figures

Political: Former Vice President Atiku Abubakar (Adamawa), and Vice President Kashim Shettima (Borno).

Cultural: Sheikh Ibrahim Niass (Islamic scholar linked to Borno).

Challenges and Resilience

Ongoing Threats: Banditry, farmer-herder clashes, and climate vulnerability.

Community Resilience: Grassroots peacebuilding and cultural pride amid adversity.

Advertise with us.   About. 

onnigeria.com © 2024 On Nigeria.  All Rights Reserved.

Nigeria, officially the Federal Republic Of Nigeria, is a country in West Africa and the most populous nation on the African continent, with over 230 million people.

Key Facts

Capital: Abuja

Largest City: Lagos (a major economic hub).

Official Language: English (with over 500 indigenous languages, including Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo, Isoko, and Edo)

Independence: Gained independence from Britain on October 1, 1960.

Geography and Demographics

Location: Nigeria is bordered by the Republic of Benin, Niger, Chad, and Cameroun, with a coastline along the Gulf of Guinea.

Landscape: Features savannas, rainforests, the Niger River, and the Jos Plateau.

Major Ethnic Groups: Hausa-Fulani (North), Yoruba (Southwest), Igbo (Southeast), and numerous others.

Religion: Roughly split between Islam (predominantly in the North) and Christianity (predominantly in the South).

Economy

Largest Economy in Africa: Driven by oil and gas exports(Nigeria is a top global oil producer).

Currency: Nigerian Naira (₦).

Other Sectors: Agriculture (cocoa, rubber, palm oil), telecommunications, and a growing tech scene (“Silicon Lagoon” in Lagos).

Challenges: Income inequality, reliance on crude oil, and public infrastructure gaps.

Culture

Nollywood: The world’s second-largest film industry by output.

Music: Birthplace of Afrobeat (Fela Kuti) and global stars like Burna Boy, Rema, and Wizkid.

Literature: Reknown authors include Chinua Achebe (author of Things Fall Apart) and Nobel Laureate Wole Soyinka.

Cuisine: Popular Nigerian dishes include jollof rice, suya (spiced grilled meat), and egusi soup.

Political Landscape

Government: Federal presidential republic. Current president is Bola Tinubu (2023 – present).

History: Post-independence civil war (1967 – 1970 Biafra conflict), followed by military rule and a return to democracy in 1999.

Current Challenges

Security: Boko Haram insurgency in the Northeast, banditry in the Northwest, and separatist tensions in the Southeast. 

Economy: Inflation, currency devaluation, and fuel subsidy reforms causing public discontent. 

Social Issues: Youth unemployment, electricity shortages, and clashes between herders and farmers.

Strength and Opportunities

Youth Population: Over 60% under 25, driving innovation and entrepreneurship.

Tech Growth: Startups like Flutterwave and Andela highlight Nigeria’s digital potential.

Cultural Influence: Global impact through music, film, and diaspora communities.

A section of the map of West Africa showing Nigeria, and the surrounding countries.

Advertise with us.   About. 

onnigeria.com © 2024 On Nigeria.  All Rights Reserved.

Okpokwu LGA is located in the southern part of Benue State, Nigeria. It shares boundaries with LGAs such as Ogbadibo and Ado, and is part of the Benue South Senatorial District. The Okpokwu local government secretariat is in Okpoga, a prominent town in the area.

Demographics

• Population: Estimated around 200,000 residents, based on 2006 census projection and recent estimates.

• Ethnic Groups: Okpokwu LGA is inhabited mainly by the Idoma people, with a minority Igbo population.

• Language: Idoma is the native language and English is the official language.

Economy

• Agriculture: People here are mainly farmers producing crops like yam, cassava, maize, rice and sorghum. Benue State’s nickname as the “Food Basket of the Nation” reflects Okpokwu’s agricultural contributions.

• Trade: Small-scale markets and businesses thrive in towns like Okpoga and Edumoga.

• Livestock: Many of the inhabitants are engaged in rearing of cattle, goats, and poultry.

Culture

• Festivals: Traditional Idoma festivals such as the Ijege Festival and cultural dances.

• The Och’Idoma is the traditional ruler of the people of Okpokwu Local Government Area, like of the Idoma people.

Infrastructure

• Education: Government primary and secondary schools are hosted by Okpokwu but there is a limited access to tertiary institutions.

• Healthcare: Basic health centers and clinics are available.

• Transportation: Major roads link Okpoga to towns like Otukpo and Makurdi. Road conditions vary, with rural areas often lacking paved road infrastructure.

Challenges

• Security: Challenge: Occasional clashes between farmers and herders over land resources.

• Development: Limited access to quality healthcare, unemployment, and infrastructural deficits.

Notable Features

• Okpoga Hill are scenic landscapes attracting local tourists.

• Proximity to Enugu enhances trade and cultural exchange with southeastern Nigeria.

Political Structure

• Governed by a local council headed by a local government chairman, with elected councilors representing wards.

Postal Code: The general postal code for Benue State is 970001.

Advertise with us.   About. 

onnigeria.com © 2024 On Nigeria.  All Rights Reserved.

Egor Local Government Area Secretariat, Benin City.

Most of the towns and villages in Egor Local Government Area are now parts of the Benin metropolis. Places like Uwelu, Egor, Ugbowo, Uselu, Ogida and Evbuotubu are essential parts of Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria.  It is important to note that Useh is also a vital part of Egor LGA.

Egor Local Government Area is host to many important institutions in Edo State. It has one federal college of education, a federal university, a teaching hospital, a technical college, a police barracks and a psychiatric hospital. University of Benin, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Federal Government College and the technical college are located in Ugbowo. FNPH (Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital) is located in Uselu. While Ogida Barracks is the most famous police barracks in Benin City.

A short video of Egor LGA Secretariat.

Commercial transportation contributes a lot to Edo State GDP. Many interstate commercial transport companies are situated in Benin Lagos Road which is a part of Egor Local Government Area. Owners of private vehicles, intra-city commercial bus drivers and intra-state transporters rely heavily on spare parts sourced from Uwelu and Evbareke spare parts markets in Egor LGA.

Three major local markets similar to New Benin market and Oba market are also found in Egor Local Governmet Area. They are Uselu market, Oliha market and Ogida Market. 

Famous places in Egor LGA are Evbuotubu, Oliha, Okhoro, Textile Mill Road, Evbogida, Uwelu, Egor, Uselu and Ugbowo. 

Map showing the location of Egor Local Government Area Secretariat in Benin City, Edo State.

Advertise with us.   About. 

onnigeria.com © 2024 On Nigeria.  All Rights Reserved.

Taraba State, Nigeria: Overview

Location and Geography:

Taraba State is northeastern Nigeria, bordered by Plateau, Gombe, Adamawa, and Benue States, and shares an international border with Cameroon. Its terrain includes savannahs, mountains, (e.g., Mambila Plateau), and rainforests.

Capital: Jalingo.

Creation: Formed on August 27, 1991, during General Ibrahim Babangida’s regime, from part of former Gongola State.

People and Culture:

• Ethnic Diversity: Home to over 80 ethnic groups, including Jukun, Kuteb, Chamba, Tiv, Fulani, and Hausa.

• Language: Indigenous languages, with Hausa and English widely spoke,

• Festivals: Zhitsuun (Kuteb), Puje  (Jukun), and cultural dances showcasing traditional attire.

Economy

• Agriculture: Major crops include yam, cassava, rice, and cash crops like tea and coffee (Mambilla Plateau is a key tea-producing region).

• Minerals: Kaolin, zinc, barite, and limestone.

• Tourism: 

Gashaka Gumti National Park: Nigeria’s largest national park, hosting wildlife like elephants, chimpazees, and rare birds.

Mambilla Plateau: Cool climate, scenic landscapes, and potential site for the Mambilla Hydroelectric Power Project (if completed, it would be Nigeria’s largest power plant).

Challenges:

• Security: Farmer-herder conflicts, ethnic clashes, and spillover violence from Boko Haram/ISWAP in neighboring states.

• Infrastructure Deficit: Poor road networks, limited healthcare, and educational facilities in rural areas.

Government:

• Current Governor: Agbu Kefas (People’s Democratic Party, PDP), inaugurated May, 2023.

• Previous Governor: Darius Ishaku (PDP, 2015 – 2023).

Education:

• Tertiary institutions include Taraba State University (Jalingo), College of Education (Zingi), and Federal University Wukari.

Climate:

• Tropical with a rainy season (April – October). The Mambilla Plateau enjoys cooler temperatures due to its elevation (1,600 metres above sea level).

Nickname: “Nature’s Gift to the Nation” for its biodiversity, waterfalls, and fertile land.

Key Issues:

• Underdevelopment despite natural resources.

• Ethnic tensions and displacement.

• Delays in realizing the Mambilla Power Project’s potential.

Advertise with us.   About. 

onnigeria.com © 2024 On Nigeria.  All Rights Reserved.

Nigeria is divided into six major regions called geopolitical zones. The northern region of the country has three geopolitical zones; North Central, North East and North West. The Yoruba-speaking region of Nigeria that include Lagos State is categorized as North West geopolitical zone or region. Igbo-speaking States are the South East East geopolitical. And the remaining state which are mainly riverine state in southern Nigeria are the South South region.

If you are requested to list the six geopolitical zones in Nigeria, they are

1. North Central

2. North East

3. North West

4. South East

5. South South

6. South West

Categorizing Nigeria into geopolitical zones is comparable to a country like Italy where there are regions and provinces. For example, there are many provinces under the Liguria region similar to many states under a geopolitical zone in Nigeria. 

There have been a very polarizing divide between northern and western Nigeria in the early days of declaration of independence of the country but recent sub-division of the north and the south into geopolitical zones have gone a long way to weaken the north versus south syndrome of the debilitating divisive disease that have been plaguing Nigeria.

Actualization of the dreams of some Biafra separatists agitations for Independence have also suffered a set-back by the introduction of the six geopolitical zones. The majorly Igbo-speaking states are categorized under South East such that it is difficult to associate any state from South South region with the South East states whose citizens are clamoring for the creation of  an Igbo dominated country called Biafra.

Oredo Local Government Area Secretariat, Ring Roadm Benin City.

Oredo is the local government administration of the political, traditional, cultural and commercial heart of Benin, the capital of Edo State, Nigeria. The palace of the Oba of Benin, the Edo state house of assembly, the high court of justice and the office of the governor of Edo state are located in Oredo Local Government Area. 

National Museum of Benin which is at the center of the City of Benin and the major roads radiating from the ring road are parts of this local government area. Airport Road, Sapele Road, Sokponba Road, Akpakpava Road, Mission Road and Ekewan Road are some examples of roads linking other parts of Benin to ring road.

The office of Oredo Local Government Council Chairman is located this building. The secretariat is renowned for marriage registry.

Akpakpava road hosts the Central Bank of Nigeria and most of the commercial banks operating in Nigeria, First Bank, UBA, Union Bank, Wema Bank, Zenith Bank, Access Bank and GTB are examples of banks found along Akpakpava road in Oredo Local Government area.

There are four major local markets in Oredo. They are Agbado market in Akpakpava road, Oba market in the ring road area, Ekiosa market and New Benin market. There is also provision market called Mission road market where mostly packaged goods are sold. 

Famous streets such as Igun Street, Lagos Street and Forestry are also located in Oredo. Igun Street is famous for Benin bronze casting and sales of Benin artifacts, Forestry hosts boutiques selling high quality already made dresses, shoes, belts and fabrics and Lagos street is where agricultural food produce from northern Nigeria are offloaded  and sold. Large quantities of rice, beans, onion, potato, yam and ginger are offloaded from lorries daily.

Oredo Government Area Secretariat is located behind Urokpota Hall in the Ring Road area of Benin City.

Advertise with us.   About. 

onnigeria.com © 2024 On Nigeria.  All Rights Reserved.

Ekiti State, Nigeria: An Overview

Creation and Location:

Ekiti State was established on October 1, 1996, during the military regime of General Sani Abacha, carved out of the northeastern part of Ondo State . it is situated in southwestern Nigeria, bordered by Kwara (north), Kogi (northeast), Ondo (south and west), and Osun (east).

Capital:

Ado-Ekiti, the state’s capital and largest city, serves as the administrative and commercial hub.

Geography and Climate:

• Terrain: Characterized by rugged hills, valleys, and tropical forests, earning it the nickname “Land of Hills and Valleys.”

• Climate: Tropical with distinct wet (April – October) and dry (November – March) seasons.

• Natural Attractions: Ikogosi Warm Springs (where warm and cold springs converge), Arinta Waterfalls, and Fajuyi Memorial Park.

Demographics:

• Population: Approximately 3.3 million (2023 estimates).

• Ethnic Groups: Predominantly Yoruba, with subdivisions like Ekiti proper, Akure, and Okun peoples.

• Language: Yoruba is widely spoken, with unique Ekiti dialects.

Economy:

• Agriculture: Major producer of cocoa, kolanut, palm produce, yams, and cassava.

• Mineral Resources: Kaolin, granite, and tin.

• Tourism: Growing sector centered on natural sites like Ikogosi and cultural festivals.

• Education: High literacy rate, education is a key economic driver.

Education:

• Tertiary Institutions: Ekiti State University (EKSU), Federal University Oye-Ekiti (FUOYE), Afe Babalola University (ABUAD), and Federal Polytechnic Ado-Ekiti.

• Literacy: One of Nigeria’s highest rates, attributed to strong educational policies.

Culture:

• Festivals: Udiroko Festival (Ado-Ekiti), Ogun Festival (celebrating the god of iron), and cultural dances like Bata and Eleke.

• Traditional Governance: Recognized monarchs (Obas), including the Ewi of Ado-Ekiti and the Ajero of Ijero-Ekiti.

Notable People:

• Kayode Fayemi: Former governor and ex-Minister of Solid Minerals.

• Niyi Osundare: Renowned poet and academic.

• Biodun Oyebanji: Current governor (as of 2023).

• Adebayo Adegboye (Bayo Omoboriowo): Celebrated photographer.

Government:

• Administration Structure: 16 Local Government Areas (LGAs).

• Leadership: Governor Biodun Oyebanji (All Progressives Congress, APC) since 2022.

Challenges:

• Economic: Reliance on federal allocations, unemployment, and underutilization of mineral resources.

• Infrastructure: Need for improved healthcare, roads, and rural development.

• Social: Youth migration to urban centers, impacting agricultural labor.

An outline of Ekiti State on a section of the map of Nigeria.

Advertise with us.   About. 

onnigeria.com © 2024 On Nigeria.  All Rights Reserved.

Yobe State, Nigeria: Overview

Yobe State was created on August 27, 1991, from the western part of Borno State. Its capital is Damaturu. Known for its rich cultural heritage and agricultural potential, Yobe faces challenges such as insurgency and climate vulnerability.

Geography and Climate

• Location: Borders Niger Republic (north), Borno (east), Gombe and Bauchi (southwest), and Jigawa (west).

• Landscape: Semi-arid Sahel Savannah in the north, transitioning to Sudan savannah in the south. The Komadugu Yobe River is vital for irrigation.

• Climate: Hot, dry conditions with a short rainy season (May – September). Northern areas experience desert encroachment.

Economy

• Agriculture: Mainstay of economy. Crops include millet, sorghum, cowpeas, and irrigated rice. Livestock rearing (cattle, goats, sheep) is prominent.

• Mining: Deposits of gypsum, kaolin, and quartz.

• Commerce: Potiskum, the state’s largest town, hosts a major cattle market and serves as a commercial hub.

Demographics

• Population: Estimated 3.5 million (2023), with a 2006 census figure of 2.3 million.

• Ethnic Groups: Predominantly Kanuri and Fulani, with Hausa, Karai-Karai, and Bade minorities.

Local Government Areas (LGAs)

17 LGAs including Damaturu, Potiskum, Gashua, Nguru, Geidam, Yusufari, and Bursari.

Culture

• Festivals: Durbar festivals, traditional wrestling, and horse-riding events.

• Crafts: Weaving, pottery, and leatherwork.

• Attire: Traditional babban riga (flowing gown) and colorful turbans.

Education

• Tertiary Institutions: Yobe State University (Damaturu), Federal University Gashua, and colleges of education and agriculture.

Security and Humanitarian Issues

• Boko Haram Insurgency: Significant impact since 2009, causing displacement and reliance on humanitarian aid.

• IDPs: Camps in Damaturu and other towns host internally displaced persons. Government and NGOs focus on rehabilitation.

Tourism and Landmarks

• Dufuna Canoe: A 8000-year-old archeological discovery near Fune LGA, one of Africa’s oldest canoes.

• Nguru Lake: A Ramsar wetland site, part of the Chad Basin, ideal for birdwashing.

• Historical Sites: Bade Palace (Nguru) and ancient trading towns like Gashua.

Infrastructure and Development

• Irrigation Projects: South Chad Irrigation Scheme supports farming.

• Challenges: Underdeveloped infrastructure due to insurgency; ongoing road and healthcare projects.

Advertise with us.   About. 

onnigeria.com © 2024 On Nigeria.  All Rights Reserved.